AI-Assisted Wild Animal Intrusion Detection and Autonomous Deterrence System Using ESP32-CAM

The AI-Assisted Wild Animal Intrusion Detection and Autonomous Deterrence System Using ESP32-CAM is an intelligent surveillance and protection platform designed to prevent crop damage, property loss, and human–wildlife conflicts in agricultural and rural environments. The system utilizes an ESP32-CAM module as a low-power edge vision device to continuously monitor protected areas and detect the presence of wild animals in real time.

Using embedded image processing and lightweight AI-based object recognition techniques, the system identifies animal intrusions and classifies potential threats based on visual characteristics and movement patterns. Once an animal is detected, the system automatically activates a relay-controlled siren to generate a deterrent response and drive the animal away from the protected area.

The system operates on a battery-backed power architecture consisting of rechargeable 3.7V lithium batteries, a Battery Management System (BMS), a 7805 voltage regulator, and an SMPS charging source, ensuring reliable operation in remote outdoor locations where continuous power availability may be limited.

Two control switches provide manual override and maintenance functions, allowing operators to enable, disable, or test the protection system. The ESP32-CAM can also transmit intrusion alerts and captured images to a remote monitoring platform through Wi-Fi connectivity, enabling real-time supervision by farmers, forest authorities, or security personnel.

The proposed solution offers a low-cost, intelligent, and sustainable approach to wildlife management while reducing crop losses and improving safety in rural communities.